ICT in the service of multiculturalism

In our global reality, living together and accepting differences while building on commonalities has become crucial to everyday life. Yet in many places in the world, galloping globalization is accompanied by a growing trend toward cultural, national, and religious individuation and separatism. 

The OICH Model
The online inter- group contact hypotesis model is based on an extension of the contact.
 The online inter-group contact hypothesis (OICH) model is based on an extension of the contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954). Its aim is to adapt the original contact hypothesis for online connections between groups in conflict. The model is applicable to various levels of professional/project-oriented collaboration among culturally diverse groups: academic staff at teaching colleges; trainees in the teaching colleges; teachers in schools, who are program graduates; and pupils in schools who collaborate on educational projects.

In order for the model to work, the project must meet a number of conditions, which are outlined below:

• be fully supported by each participating institution,
• involve collaboration among groups rather than among individuals,
• deal with general subjects and not with conflicts,
• be based on a need for participant collaboration rather than competition,
• ensure  participants have equal status,
• progress gradually over a period of at least one year, beginning with exchanges via the Internet followed by text and voice exchange and finally, after a positive online experience, by face-to-face encounters among the partners, and
• employ teachers who themselves come from the different cultural groups and who “team teach” the course in a collegial environment.

Course content areas reflect subjects taught within the formal education system. The tasks are relevant to the teachers educations and to students' needs.

THE ROLE OF COMPUTER SKILLS IN THE FORMATION OF MODERN TRANSLATOR’S PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE

The use of ICT and dedicated translation software in teaching students of translation specializations at institutions of higher education.

Translation tools
Machine Translation (MT):  MT performs simple substitution of words in one language for words in another, but that alone usually cannot produce a good translation of a text because recognition of whole phrases and their closest counterparts in the target language is needed. Solving this problem with corpus statistical, and neural techniques is a rapidly growing field that is leading to better translations, handling differences in linguistic typology, translation of idioms, and the isolation of anomalies

Computer Assisted Translation (CAT): is a form of language translation in which a human translator uses computer software to support and facilitate the translation process, Computer-assisted translation is sometimes called machine-assisted, or machine-aided, translation and must be not confused with Machine translation

Terminology management systems
The benefits of using TMS-systems include the following:

1) they enhance and encourage terminological consistency and thus improve quality of translated texts;

2) prevent translators from undertaking the same terminological searches every now and again;

3) translation process is accelerated due to reuse of previously translated terminology

ICT Education Transformation and Economic Development

Ict are made about the availability and access of all teachers and students trough traditional Internet devices , software and digital resources for research

Five sorts of research are reviewed in this article

• Macroeconomic
• Microeconomic
• Labor market
• Studies showing patterns of the everyday ICT use in American life
• Studies showing American schools are not using Ict

   

Microeconomic Trends changes in business organization and practices

Ict has contributed to economic change not just through the growth of the information product services sectors.

As a result of networked collaboration, companies are defining and solving problems.

The internet was cited as an information  source.                                                    

SERVICES WITH EVERYTHING

SERVICES WITH EVERYTHING

The Services Spectrum.

The ICT-Enabled Digital transformation of services

The Services Transformations Unfolding

The transformation of services with ICT tools is dramatic, pervasive, and far-reaching. Activities are transformed, firms are turning to services in pursuit of value, and traditional boundaries are breaking down between products and services, manufacturing and services, and traditional industrial sectors.

The Algorithmic Revolution Transforms Activities

With the Algorithmic Revolution, tasks underlying services can be transformed into formalizable, codifiable, computable processes with clearly defined rules for their execution.
Bank ATMs
Existing activities, when converted into computable processes, often take on new purposes and create new forms of value.

Repositioning Services to Avoid Commoditization

Many products face intense price competition.
Firms see services as the solution to creating defensible positions in markets. They use them in a variety of ways:
Firms’ hardware offerings are increasingly enhanced in value by ICT-enabled services offerings.
Some firms go further, shifting their core businesses from selling products towards offering services, often delivered via ICT networks: IBM, for example, transformed itself from a product company in which services support provided competitive advantage, to a services company embodying products in its offerings.

Products themselves can be transformed into services when delivered via ICT networks.
Products can become portals to services, or are embedded in services.
Conventional sectoral distinctions are collapsing into “value domains.”

Translation and Technology

TRANSLATION AND TECHNOLOGY.

 Adoption of information and communication technologies.

1° Document production activities:
 Smaller numbers of respondents  (25%) used graphical or presentation software (e.g. Microsoft PowerPoint), and 17% used desktop publishing  packages.
Web publishing software, such as Dreamweaver or FrontPage, was used by only 13% of the freelancers.

2° Information search and retrieval activities: 
A high proportion of respondents (79%) consulted online dictionaries and / or glossaries, and 59% made use of multilingual terminology databanks.

Including text / document archives (51%)
Oline encyclopaedias (38%)
Academic journals available online (30%)
 

3° Translation creation activities:
Computer – aided translation (CAT) tools: 28% of the translators
Machine translation systems: 5 % of the sample
A very small number of translators 2% were using localisations tools, such as Alchemy Catalyst and Passolo.

4° Communication activities: Electronic mail was in widespread use (93% of the translators used it).
The majority of respondents (68%) relied on dial up conections and only 26% used broadband.
6% dial up and broadband. 

5° Marketing and work procurement activities:
Productivity levels (measured in terms of volumen of work undertaken) were generally higher.
33% used online translation marketplaces for marketing and / or for work procurement (e.g. ProZ.com, TranslatorsCafé.com, Aquarius).

6° Business management activities: 
Many respondents (79%) used spreadsheet packages.
Database packages were used by 25% of the sample.

Only 13% used dedicated accounting / financial management packages.
A very small minority of translator (2%).

UNESCO ICT

USING ICT EFECTIVELY

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) play an increasingly important role in the way we communicate, learn and live.
The challenge is to effectively harness these technologies in a way that serves the interests of learners and the larger teaching/learning community.
UNESCO considers that ICTs can contribute to universal access to education, equity in education, the delivery of quality learning and teaching, teachers’ professional development as well as improve education management, governance and administration provided the right mix of policies, technologies and capacities are in place.

THE APROACHES OF THE FRAMEWORK
-TECHNOLOGY lITERACY
-KNOWLEDGE DEPENDING
-KNOWLEDGE CREATION

THE SIX ASPECTS OF A TEACHER'S WORK
- Undertandin ICT education
- Curriculum and assesment
- Pedagogy
- ICT
- Administration and organization
- Teacher professional


EDUCATION REFORM
THE USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION IMPLIES THE TEACHER ROLOES, NEW PEDAGOGIES AND APROACHES TO TEACHERS EDUCATION.

TEACHER SHOULD
-INCORPORATE TECHNOLOGY
-CHANGE PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES.

Process, Performance Drivers and ICT Tools in Human Resource Management

 Process, Performance Drivers and ICT Tools in Human Resource Management 

The goal of this article is to present results of a recent scientific project, focused on research

of relations between personnel performance, HR-related business processes and supportive

information and communication technology (ICT).

The article presents resolutions of the following research questions:

What are the main generic performance drivers, handled by HR managers?

How can a dedicated human resources information system (HRIS) support HR managers

in build-up and support of these performance drivers?

How are HRIS currently being used (as performance management tools) in Czech com

-

panies?

In order to resolve these questions, the article is divided into four main chapters.

First of all, a theoretical basis is set using normative analysis of authoritative literature – human

resources management as a research topic is defined and related business processes are identi

-

fied. Attention is paid to contemporary trends in HR management, accentuating HR contribu

-

tion to overall organization performance.

Secondly, with regards to identified business processes, the main performance drivers, handled

by HR managers, are described as important management instruments. Main methods used in

this chapter are normative analysis and induction, resulting in generalized overview of com

-

monly valid performance drivers.

The improvement emerging from these performances


We can use this basic schema as an intuitive guidance for identification of vital parts of IS and means of support that HR management can expect/ require to workefficiently.

Human resources management was recently re-defined by Armstrong (2009) as a “strategic,

integrated and coherent approach to the employment, development and well-being of the peo

-

ple working in organizations... it covers activities such as strategic human resources manage

-

ment, human capital management, corporate social responsibility, knowledge management,

organization development, resourcing (human resource planning, recruitment and selection,

and talent management), performance management, learning and development, reward man

-

agement, employee relations, employee well-being and health and safety and the provision of

employee services”.

During the last decade, a “holistic” approach to managing people in organizations, corre

-

sponding to the above presented definition, largely replaced the traditional “personnel man

-

agement” concept. HR managers are no longer responsible only for “bringing people into

the organization, helping them perform their work, compensating them for their labors, and

solving problems that arise” as described by Cherrington (1995) or “handling, directing and

controlling of individual employees, ... (as well as) acquisition and retention of competent em

-

ployees trough proper recruitment, selection, placement, utilization, and development” (Sison,

1981). Although these tasks are still valid today, it has to be pointed out that modern approach

to HR management takes into account additional perspectives, emerging from massive tech

-

nology advancement as well as increasing importance of personnel performance management.

Human resource managers can no longer care “only” about employees, but have to tightly

cooperate with executive management and more so act as direct contributors to organizations’

overall performance.

THE NEW ICTS AND TRANSLATION COMPETENCE

TRANLATION NEW ERA

 

The translation profession has change with the new era.

Model of translation.
Is expetrte knowledge of the language that dominate.

The bilingual sub- competence consist in underlying system of knowladge and skill that needs for linguistical comunication two take a place in two languages.
To speak two or more languages don't make you a professional translator.
such as the use of sources of documentation, and information technologies applied to translation.

There is a wide range of ICT available to translators today.
1.- INTERNET
It allows to have access to a huge quantity of datas, the mos used are Google and Yahooo.
2.- THE USE OF CORPUS LINGUISTICS.
The Monoilingual corpora
The bilingual corpora

Machine Translation
Is a procedure whereby a computer program analizes.

Computer assistant translation.
Is a form where human translator creates a target text with the assistance of a computer program.

Main phases of the translation proces.
-The reception fase
-The transfer pases
-The formulation phase

ICT In Translation and Interpreting

A Glogal crisis: Shortage of qualified linguistics

*Paris declaration 2010
*European institutes anticipate a similar shortage in the next ten years.
*Industries are concerened about this

Dificult for the method learning
Experience is vital for learning process, but for the experience to be valid it is essential that they learn "in context" and the context and activities need to be authentic.

Figures 
*John Dewey:
Methodological approach, american philosopher and educational reformer.
Identify the problem
Writing hypotesis
And prove,




*Graham Gibbs:
Reflective Cycle
About how to find a solution for every situacion, it starts with the description , "what happens?", and then, analize how do you feel about it, and finish with a plan and a conclusion.





*David A. Kolb: 
A new experience
Reflective observation
Abstract conceptualization
Active experimentation







Empowering students and fostering team-work and professional skills.
- The wiki tool

 VLE= Virtual learning envolment
Construction of knowledge
Finally wikis can help provide acces to expert performance.

Conclusions

The variety of pedagological tols facilitate the prodiction of materials
ICT also offer flexibility, and the means to adopt the learning process.
ICT are still fertil field for research and develpoment.
More research is therefor needed.

VALENTINE 'S DAY

Origin.

While not thought to be directly related to modern Valentine’s Day traditions, the beginnings of celebrating love (of a sort) in February date back to the Romans. The feast of Lupercalia was a pagan fertility and health festival, observed from February 13th through the 15th, that was celebrated at least as far back as 44 BCE (the year Julius Caesar was assassinated). Some historians believe it goes back even further, though with possibly a different name.

Connected to the Roman god Lupercus, (the equivalent to the Greek god Pan), the festival was originally supposed to be about shepherds and bringing health and fertility to their sheep and cows. When it became more ingrained into Roman culture, it additionally celebrated Lupa (also another possible reason it is named what it is), the she-wolf who nursed the legendary founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus, to health. Religious offerings happened at the cave on Palatine Hill, the place where Rome was thought to be founded.
The ceremonies were filled with animal sacrifices, the wearing of goat skins, and nudity. Priests would lead sacrifices of goats and young dogs, animals who were thought to have a “strong sexual instinct.” Afterwards, a feast would occur with lots of wine flowing. When everyone was fat and happy, the men would shed their clothes, drape the goat skins from the earlier sacrifice on their naked bodies, and run around the city striking naked women.

Meaning.

 According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, there were at least three early Christian saints by that name. One was a priest in Rome, another a bishop in Terni, and the third, St. Valentine which almost nothing is known about, except that he met his end in Africa. Astonishingly, all the three Valentines were said to have been martyred on February 14.

Valentine who was a priest, served during the third century in Rome. When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for young men. Valentine felt this was unfair so he celebrated marriages in secret. When the emperor found out he was thrown in jail and sentenced to death.

It wasn't until more than 200 years later that 14 February was proclaimed St Valentine's Day. By this time Rome had become Christian and the Catholic Church was determined to stamp out any remaining paganism. A pagan fertility ritual was held in February each year and the Pope abolished this festival and proclaimed 14 February Saint Valentine's Day, thus establishing this feast day on the Catholic Calendar of Saints.

 Characteristics.

 Gorgeous flowers and scrumptious chocolates. Handmade cards and silk pajamas. These are a few items typically associated with Valentine’s Day, one of America’s most popular holidays.

But before we start digging into a few of the more quirky aspects of the holiday, when it comes to matters of the heart, Truliant proudly supports the American Heart Association. The photo shown with this blog is from our local National Wear Red Day event. Heart disease is the No. 1 killer of women, causing one in three deaths each year.

That’s approximately one woman every minute. But with simple lifestyle changes it is 80% preventable.

Another step you can take is to learn more about Community Health and Wellness programs from Novant Health by e-mailing communitywellness@novanthealth.org. Women can write in to ask to be added to Novant’s distribution list for wellness programs or to be connected with a screening or a wellness coach.

Now, for some of the more intriguing aspects to consider this Valentine’s Day. They include:

1. Rich roots. DId you know that Valentine’s Day traces its origins to an ancient Roman fertility festival? Or that Valentine was a 3rd-century priest imprisoned by Emperor Claudius II for performing marriage ceremonies in secret? At the end of the 5th century, Pope Gelasius declared Feb. 14 as a day for honoring the martyred St. Valentine. But it wasn’t until the 1300s that the day — also the start of birds’ mating season— became associated with love and passion. The first written Valentine greetings appeared in the 15th century and, 200 years later, Britons began a tradition of exchanging Valentine’s Day notes. For more about this day’s colorful history, click here and here.


2. Notable events. Best known as a time for romance, Valentine’s Day also is associated with a number of notable historical events. Perhaps the most notorious is 1929’s St. Valentine’s Day Massacre. On a more positive note, both Oregon and Arizona became states on this day. Penicillin was discovered on Feb. 14, and Alexander Graham Bell applied for a patent on the telephone. Jimmy Hoffa was born on Valentine’s Day, as were Jack Benny, Gregory Hines and Florence Henderson. And both General William Tecumseh Sherman and Captain James Cook died on Feb. 14.
3. Unusual customs. While Valentine’s Day observances started in the West, nearly every country in the world now celebrates the holiday — each with special traditions. In 18th and 19th century England, children once marked Valentine’s Day by going door to door, singing tunes and begging for treats. In contemporary Japan, women give chocolates to nearly every man they know on Valentine’s Day — from bosses to husbands — but men don’t reciprocate the gesture until a month later on “White Day.” And In Germany, a popular gift is a heart-shaped cookie decorated with loving words, often with a ribbon attached so it can be worn like a necklace.

4. Romantic movies. From vintage gems like “Breakfast at Tiffany’s” and “Casablanca” to modern classics such as “Notting Hill” and “Titanic,” there’s no shortage of love-inspired movies to enjoy on Valentine’s Day — or “don’t miss” lists to consult. Looking for movies kids will like? Try “Shrek” or “The Princess Bride.” How about favorite date night movies? “When Harry Met Sally,” “Pretty Woman” or “The Notebook” could be the ticket. This list names 33 rom-com movies even guys will like, such as “Groundhog Day” and “High Fidelity.” For more ideas, click here, here or here.

5. Economic impact. Lovestruck couples aren’t the only ones wearing their hearts on their sleeves on Valentine’s Day. Retailers also feel the love. In 2016, the holiday is expected to contribute $19.7 billion to the U.S. economy, a record high. More than half of consumers are expected to celebrate Valentine’s Day this year, spending an average of $147 on gifts. Candy and greeting cards are the most frequent purchases, followed by an evening out and flowers. The holiday is such an important business event that some economists see it as a “litmus test” of consumer confidence. Are roses on your Valentine’s shopping list? Expect to spend more this year, experts say.
 

Valentine´s day at Campus UAZ

We visit some Units and we realize that actually just one was celebrating the Valentines day, an that was Tourism.

SOme others just have adorns on the walls, and in the doors, but they weren´t celebrating.

I ask one of the students about this celebration and he sais that in his school actually celebrate everything.... :)

FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHERS USE OF INFORMATION AND COMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHERS USE OF INFORMATION AND COMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

- Computer as a classroom tool

- The use of ICT in Education. Makes the things easier for us.

Non- manipulative school for teachers factors.
Theory of plannedbehaviour
Comprobate than the femele old teachers are best than the male teachers.

Bauer and kenton 2005

Level of an accessibility of the ICT infraestructure.
-Albirini 2006
Results: 57% had computer at home and 33% had access to computers at home

Mumtaz 2000
-Lack of time
Results: 82% agreed

Available support to computer using teacher in the work place

The National Council for the acreditation of teacher Education (1997) reported the lack of technical.

School culture can be defined as the basic assumptions, norms and values and cultural artifacts that are shared by school members. These meanings and perceptions indirectly affect attitudes and behaivor.

Coputer Atributes

According to past researching  Rogers 2005, started that characteristics of an innovation as perceived by individual in a social system affect on the rate of adoption. Also he identified five innovation attitudes acceptable of an innovation. relative advatange, compability, complexity, and observability.

Computer Competence

Teachers lack of knowledge and skills was the second most inhibiting obstacle to the use of computers in schools. Hight levels of attitude, skill and knowledge proficiency , and tools would produce higher levels of technology.

Effective Training Program

Having a recognition system for innovative and effective use of ICT integration in school will motivate teachers in the schools to use ITC in teaching. For example formal certification of in-service professional.

Models for Integratin technology into Teachers Trainning Programs.

 In order for technology to be effectively incorporated into teacher preparation programs, teachers should complete a well-planned sequence of courses and experiences that will help them to understans technology in education.

CONCLUSION

The proliferation of technologies has helped and at the same time complicated the teaching learning process and finding the best ways to inytegrate to te education.

ICTs

ICT on Development
Some of the goals
Erradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve Universal Primary Education
Reduce child mortality


WORLD SUMMIT ON THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
-connect villages

ICT CHALLENGES
-Awareness
-Availability
-Accesibility
-Affordability

"Digital divides are not jus the result of economic differences in access to technologies but also in cultural capacity and political will to apply these technologies for development impact" This means that is not just about give people computers and taht is all, is about to teach them how to use them in a well way.

CONECTIVITY COSTS
Shared access model=Pay as you use
Broadband=flat-rate

telecomunications equipmnet is designed to have "five 9s" of reliabillity: 99.999%

Content
Jaime Carbonell, Bill of the rightsd for the information era: Providin the right information to the right people in the right language in the right timeframe in the right level of detail, to the right cost


Passive consumption of content active production of information.

Usability and Interface
The use of ICT requires a level of literacy, both lingual and technical. We need to transform complex technologies into user-friendly sistems.

Security
Is a concern even for uninformed or unware end-users, it places an implicit cost on all transactions. Computer Emergency Response Teams CERT.

Regulation and Policy
Many developing countries regulate ICT restrictively.
In these contries telecom provides tend to be gevernment companies.
Countries with fewer restrictions often find higher levels of ICT adoption.

Digital Information and Broad casting.
Digital informatyion can be broeadcast easily and there is already widespread usage f digital TV and even digital Radio.

Economic models markets and role of ICT
Market-driven models alone with not push ICT into developing regions.
Developing regionsare a large but untapped market... but their needs are not necessarily the same as in development regions.
Other than waiting fot ICT to become affordable, there have been only a few specicifations suggestions and making ICT affordable for sustainable development.

QUESTIONARY

1. Which are the four componentes 

Mechanical Era

The MECHANICAL ERA

 1623-1945

 The idea of using machines to solve mathematical problems can be traced at least as far as the early 17th century. Mathematicians who designed and implemented calculators that were capable of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division included Wilhelm Schickhard, Blaise Pascal, and Gottfried Leibnitz. 

 The first multipurpose, i.e. programmable, computing device was probably Charles Babbage's Difference Engine, which was begun in 1823 but never completed. A more ambitious machine was the Analytical Engine. It was designed in 1842, but unfortunately it also was only partially completed by Babbage. Babbage was truly a man ahead of his time: many historians think the major reason he was unable to complete these projects was the fact that the technology of the day was not reliable enough. In spite of never building a complete working machine, Babbage and his colleagues, most notably Ada, Countess of Lovelace, recognized several important programming techniques, including conditional branches, iterative loops and index variables. 

Electronic Era

ELECTRONIC ERA
1946-1957
Electronic devices
advent of solid states

Events:
-Transistors periods
-Integrated circuits points

INTEGRAL NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND COMPUTER
-First electronic and general purpose computer
-Ma5rket and revolutionary procerss
-Big machine
-Process speed

TRANSITOR 1947
-Wlenronic device
-Lightweight and faster
-First full transitor computer

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
-It revolutionized the use of computers and electronic devices
-Faster operating speed

COMPUTER PROCESOR
-Fast-peaced development and innovation in personal computer

TELEGRAPH
Samuel F.J Morse invented the first magnetic telegraph in year 1832 made an experiment version in 1815

VOLTAIC PILE
Alessandro Volta invented the voltaic pile wich is considered the first source of stored electricity in the 8th century.

Marchese Guglielmo Marconi invented the RADIOTELEGRAPH.

TELEPHONE AND RADIO
The first successful bi-directional transmission of clear speech bye Bell and Watson was made on 10 March 1876

Electromechanical Era

ELECTROMECHANICAL ERA
1840-1940
 

The begginigs of communication

volatic batery
radio
telegraph
telephnoe

COLOSSUS MACHINE

Mark 1
The first complete turning computere created by INM in 1934 and financed by te USA

QUESTIONS

1. In what year was the transitor invented?

1947

2. Which was the first complete turing computer?

Mark 1

3. Who created it? 

INM IN 1934

4. Which aere the main events of the electronic era?

The integrade circuit

Premechanical Era

PREMECHANICAL ERA

1. With wich facts started premechanical era?
Sumerian Cuneiform Script

2.- What is the most important development?
The alphabet

3.- Who made the first computer program?
Ada Agusta Lovelace

4.- What was Gutenberg's invention?
The mobible middle type printing process

El uso Inteligente de las TICS

El uso Inteligente de las TICS

En la actualidad yo considero que ha tenido un gran impacto el uso de estas tecnologías, ya que vinieron a facilitarnos el trabajo de una manera impresionante y nos ha ayudado a tener acceso a información y personas que antes jamás pudieramos imaginar.

Pero como todo tiene su lados bueno y su lado malo, sus ventajas y sus desventajas, tambien ha traido consigo una serie de desventajas y de problemas a los usuarios de la actualidad.

Tanto en la salud como profesionalmente, los indices de obesidad son alarmantes y la manera en que los jovenes y niños estudian, no tiene nada que ver con la del pasado. Nos hemos convertido en seres flojos y dependientes de aparatos y de la tecnología, a tal grado que entramos en desesperación o simplemente se nos detiene la vida cuando ya no contamos con estos aparatos o estas tecnologías a las que estamos acostumbrados. Literalmente nos hemos vuelto adictos.

Ojala que en el presente y el futuro seamos concientes de esto y seamos responsables en la manera en que las usaremos, y que la juventud las va  a usar, no solamente en cuanto a tiempo y la forma de uso, sino aprender a usarlas hasta su maximo nivel, haciendolas realmente útiles para nuestra vida diaria, como una ayuda sin que esto se convierta en algo en contra, pues por el contrario son algo que está ahi para ayudarnos, para solucionar y para facilitarnos la vida.